i
ENGY- 710 Final Class Project
Energy Audit Report (Rosewood Village)
Prepared by:
,
,
,
,
,
Submitted date:
07/17/2022
Prepared for:
Azim Keshtkar, Ph.D., P.Eng
M.S. in Energy Management
NYIT-Vancouver
ii
Table of Contents
Contents
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ii
1.0 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
2.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
3.0 Calculating the Energy Utilization Index………………………………………………………………………………6
4.0 Breakdown of Energy Usage………………………………………………………………………………………………..11
5.0 list of services available in the energy sector…………………………………………………………………….. 18
5.1. Apartments……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18
5.2 Townhouses……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19
5.3 Office Building…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20
6.0 Energy-saving Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………………21
6.1. Install Air Source Heat Pump for Apartments………………………………………………………….. 21
6.2 Upgrade Wall Cavity Insulation and Exterior Insulation……………………………………………… 23
7.0 CUSUM analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….26
8.0 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………32
References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..33
1
1.0 Abstract:
In Richmond, British Columbia is Rosewood Village. There are three distinct building types in the
complex. The complex offers two types of apartments and one type of townhouse. The objective
is to do an energy audit for the complex using the information given. The audit’s goal is to assess
current energy usage and provide stakeholders with potential energy-saving solutions. We have
tried to provide a summary of the present functionality of the installed infrastructures in this report.
(Lighting, 2015)
2
2.0 Introduction:
The following are the resources that supply energy and water to the Rosewood Village:
— BC Hydro is the electricity provider.
— Fortis BC, Natural Gas Supplier.
— Water Provider: Richmond City.
The yearly usage of electricity, gas, energy, carbon, and water for the various metered categories
for the last 12 months is shown in the following table.
Table 1. yearly usage of electricity
Utility Consumption
Equivalent
Consumption
Average Unit
Costs
Total Cost
GHG
(Tons)
Electricity (Common) 69,559 kWh 69,559 kWh 0.11 $/kWh 7,864 $ 0.80
Electricity (Tenant) 737051 kWh 737051 kWh 0.10 $/kWh 76,642 $ 8.10
Natural Gas
(Common)
3,761 GJ 1,044,731 ekWh 8.5 $/GJ 31,981 $ 194.30
Natural Gas (Tenant) 3,222 GJ 805,007 ekWh 10.29 $/GJ 33,151 $ 166.50
Water 20113 M3 N/A 1.18 $/M3 23,648 $ 0.00
Total Equivalent
Energy Consumption
2,850,845 ekWh 173,268 $ 369.70
3
Table 2. Apartment 8220 GAS CONSUMPTION (GJ)
Apartment 8220
GAS CONSUMPTION (GJ)
Months
Year
2015 2016 2017
January 175 265 235
February 200 205 240
March 275 190 190
April 175 140
May 125 120
June 90 85
July 70 85
August 40 90
September 120 140
October 175
November 225
December 250
Total GJ 650 1,930 1,325
Total
KWh
180,556 536,111 368,055
Fig 1. Apartment 8220 GAS CONSUMPTION (GJ)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Apartment 8220 Natural GAS CONSUMPTION
(GJ)
#REF! Months 2015 Months 2016 Months 2017
4
Table 3. Apartment 8280 GAS CONSUMPTION (GJ)
Apartment 8280
GAS CONSUMPTION
(GJ)
Months
Year
2015 2016 2017
January 125 240 225
February 200 190 225
March 250 180 185
April 140 125
May 125 105
June 85 70
July 75 60
August 65 25
September 125 25
October 170
November 220
December 240
Total GJ 575 1,855 1,045
Total
KWh
159,722 515,278 290,278
Fig 2. Apartment 8280 GAS CONSUMPTION (GJ)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Apartment 8220 Natural GAS CONSUMPTION (GJ)
#REF! Months 2015 Months 2016 Months 2017
5
Table 4. Office GAS CONSUMPTION (GJ)
Office
GAS CONSUMPTION
(GJ)
Months
2016 2017 2018
January 12 26 24
February 22 18 24
March 29 18 19
April 13 8
May 4 5
June 2 2
July 1 4
August 8 8
September 16
October 23
November 27
December
Total GJ 63 155 92
Total
KWh
17,500 43,056 25,417
Fig 3. Office GAS CONSUMPTION (GJ)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Natural Gas Consumption [GJ]
#REF! Months 2016 Months 2017 Months 2018
6
Table 5. GAS CONSUMPTION (GJ and eKWh)
Gas Consumption
Months
Year
2015 2016 2017 2018
GJ eKWh GJ eKWh GJ eKWh GJ eKWh
January 231 64,166.67 460 127,777.78 521.00 144,722.22 455.00 126,388.89
February 363 100,833.33 376.00 104,444.44 430.00 119,444.45 413.00 114,722.22
March 369 102,500.00 358.00 99,444.44 420.00 116,666.67 431.00 119,722.22
April 295 81,944.44 264.00 73,333.33 342.00 95,000.00 328.00 91,111.11
May 211 58,611.11 203.00 56,388.89 275.00 76,388.89 240.00 66,666.67
June 136 37,777.78 172.00 47,777.78 203.00 56,388.89 174.00 48,333.33
July 109 30,277.78 146.00 40,555.56 164.00 45,555.56 140.00 38,888.89
August 127 35,277.78 135.00 37,500.00 144.00 40,000.00 98.00 27,222.22
September 183 50,833.33 193.00 53,611.11 195.00 54,166.67 107.00 29,722.22
October 284 78,888.89 272.00 75,555.56 318.00 88,333.33 317.00 88,055.56
November 380 105,555.56 356.00 98,888.89 388.00 107,777.78 434.00 120,555.56
December 481 133,611.11 506.00 140,555.56 461.00 128,055.56 165.00 45,833.33
Total 3169 880,277.78 3,441.00 955,833.34 3,861.00 1,072,500.02 3,302.00 917,222.22
3.0 Calculating the Energy Utilization Index:
We must determine the entire amount of energy consumed in the facility in KJ as well as the total
square meters of the conditioned area to calculate the Energy Utilization Index or EUI. The EUI
is the proportion of total kJ consumed to the total square meters of conditioned area. The previous
section includes a calculation of gas usage. Consumption of electricity is also necessary. We can
determine the amount of power used in Rosewood Village for each year and for each kind of
building based on the data shown in the bar charts.
7
Table 6. Common area’s electricity consumption in kWh from January 2015 to October 2017
Electricity consumption in common areas [KWh]
Months
Year
2015 2016 2017
January-
February
25,000 16,000 18,000
March-April 14,500 12,000 16,000
May-June 9,000 9,500 9,800
July-August 9,500 9,000 8,000
September-
October
14,500 13,000 12,000
November-
December
17,500 21,000
Total 90,000 80,500 63,800
Fig 4. Common area’s electricity consumption in kWh from January 2015 to October 2017
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Electricity Consumption in Common Areas [kWh]
Year 2015 Year 2016 Year 2017
8
Table 7. Tenants electricity consumption in kWh from January 2015 to October 2017
Tenants´ electricity consumption [kWh]
Months
Year
2015 2016 2017
January-
February
150,000 149,000 141,000
March-April 138,000 131,000 134,000
May-June 130,000 133,000 129,000
July-August 120,000 131,000 122,000
September-
October
132,000 141,000 138,000
November-
December
150,000 152,000
Total 820,000 837,000 664,000
Fig 5. Tenants electricity consumption in kWh from January 2015 to October 2017
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
Tenants´ Electricity Consumption [kWh]
Year 2015 Year 2016 Year 2017
9
Table 8. Tenants electricity consumption
Tenants´ electricity consumption [kWh]
Months
Year
2015 2016 2017 2018
January-
February
150,000.0 150,214.5 149,068.8 144,978.3
March-
April
138,000.0 138,828.6 141,813.0 136,615.5
May-June 130,000.0 129,721.5 126,333.9 125,519.4
July-
August
120,000.0 127,028.7 122,938.2 121,694.4
September-
October
132,000.0 134,849.7 131,337.0 127,422.0
November-
December
150,000.0 152,241.3 145,544.4 57,113.1
Total 820,000.0 832,884.3 817,035.3 713,342.7
According to Puma table
Fig 6. Tenants electricity consumption
0.0
20,000.0
40,000.0
60,000.0
80,000.0
100,000.0
120,000.0
140,000.0
160,000.0
Tenants´ Electricity Consumption [kWh]
Year 2015 Year 2016 Year 2017 Year 2018
10
Table 9. Electricity Consumption based on Puma table:
Electricity consumption [kWh]
Months
Year
2015 2016 2017 2018
January 90,053 87,724 88,281 85,535
February 79,545 79,181 77,351 75,552
March 84,357 79,837 81,876 78,921
April 77,696 74,417 75,694 72,874
May 74,588 74,218 73,605 72,461
June 67,671 69,917 66,766 67,005
July 66,779 70,427 68,225 67,971
August 65,529 70,716 68,373 67,245
September 68,034 72,158 69,867 67,816
October 74,795 77,675 76,063 73,764
November 79,238 80,258 76,719 51,020
December 89,803 88,899 84,997 12,439
Total 918,088 925,427 907,817 792,603
Fig 7. Electricity Consumption
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
Electricity Consumption [kWh]
Year 2015 Year 2016 Year 2017 Year 2018
11
Table 10. Total Energy Used in 2015 till 2018 (Natural Gas and Electricity)
Natural Gas and Electricity consumption [kWh]
Months
Year
2015 2016 2017 2018
January 64,167.00 128,190.78 144,722.22 126,388.89
February 100,833.33 104,832.44 119,444.45 114,722.22
March 102,500.00 99,772.44 116,666.67 119,722.22
April 81,944.44 73,587.33 95,000.00 91,111.11
May 58,611.11 56,565.89 76,388.89 66,666.67
June 37,777.78 47,923.78 56,388.89 48,333.33
July 30,277.78 40,668.06 45,555.56 38,888.89
August 35,277.78 37,761.00 40,000.00 27,222.22
September 50,833.33 53,978.61 54,166.67 29,722.22
October 78,888.89 76,027.56 88,333.33 88,055.56
November 105,555.56 99,401.89 107,777.78 120,555.56
December 133,611.11 140,555.56 128,055.56 45,833.33
Total 880,277.78 959,265.33 1,072,500.01 917,222.22
Energy Utilization Index (EUI)
2015 2016 2017 2018
EUI 62.298498 67.888559 75.9023361 64.913108
4.0 Breakdown of Energy Usage
The two pie charts that follow show preliminary estimates of the building’s energy end-use
breakdown (Rosewood Village Site, Richmond). The amount of energy utilized by the various
systems and appliances in our buildings is shown and illustrated by the charts. Energy audits may
help in providing an accurate picture of energy use by using this methodology and method to
investigate energy consumption (Latvia, 2017).
12
The first chart (fig 8) is Electricity consumption over the period of one year to help us with a better
picture of the volume of the electrical energy we consume in the building over the course of a year
of investigation. The chart is tabulated based on the consumption data we investigated from our
buildings (Table 11). The percentage of every single category is calculated and moreover, it also
can be seen how much any category is responsible for the total (Electricity + Natural gas) energy
consumption.
Table 11. Electricity Consumption Break Down
Electricity
Break
down
Consumption
[kWh]
% of
Electrical
Energy
% of
Total
Energy
Fans 9,018 1% 0%
Pumps 19,605 3% 1%
Townhouse
DHW
446,633 55% 16%
Cooling 1,349 0% 0%
Lighting 106,498 13% 4%
Plug loads 223,507 28% 8%
Subtotal 806,610 100% 29%
Fig 8. Electricity Consumption Break Down
1% 3%
55%
0%
13%
28%
Electricity Break Down
Fans Pumps Townhouse DHW Cooling Lighting Plug loads
13
Second chart fig 9 is related to Natural gas consumption at the site of investigation (Rosewood
Village Site, Richmond). The chart illustrates that 15 considerable amount of energy is consumed
for space heating. Space heating constitutes a significant portion of the site’s energy usage due to
the construction of these 1975 buildings which have higher envelope thermal losses and
infiltration. Domestic hot water also contributes significantly to energy consumption, but it is in
line with typical residential building usages (Latvia, 2017).
Table 12. Natural Gas Consumption Break Down
Natural
Gas Break
Down
Consumption
[GJ]
% of
Total
Gas
% of
Total
Energy
Apartment
Heating
2,319 33% 23%
Apartment
DHW
1,284 18% 13%
Townhouse
Heating
3,222 46% 33%
Office
Space
Heating
146 2% 1%
Office
DHW
12 0% 0%
Subtotal 6,983 100% 71%
Fig 9. Electricity Consumption Break Down
33%
19%
46%
2%
0%
Natural Gas Break Down
Apartment Heating Apartment DHW Townhouse Heating
Office Space Heating Office DHW
14
Table 13. Total electricity cost: The tables bellow illustrate the cost of electricity in 2015
Total Electricity Cost 2015
Months
Volume
(kWh)
Day
Energy
Charge
($0.0945
per kWh)
Basic
Charge
($0.2673
per day)
Rate
Rider
(5%)
cumulative
charge ($)
GST
5%
PST
7%
Total
Charge ($)
January 90,053 31 8,510.01 8.29 425.50 8,944 447.19 626 10,017.05
February 79,545 28 7,517.00 7.48 375.85 7,900 395.02 553 8,848.38
March 84,357 31 7,971.74 8.29 398.59 8,379 418.93 587 9,384.04
April 77,696 30 7,342.27 8.02 367.11 7,717 385.87 540 8,643.49
May 74,588 31 7,048.57 8.29 352.43 7,409 370.46 519 8,298.39
June 67,671 30 6,394.91 8.02 319.75 6,723 336.13 471 7,529.39
July 66,779 31 6,310.62 8.29 315.53 6,634 331.72 464 7,430.56
August 65,529 30 6,192.49 8.02 309.62 6,510 325.51 456 7,291.35
September 68,034 31 6,429.21 8.29 321.46 6,759 337.95 473 7,570.04
October 74,795 31 7,068.13 8.29 353.41 7,430 371.49 520 8,321.40
November 79,238 30 7,487.99 8.02 374.40 7,870 393.52 551 8,814.86
December 89,803 31 8,486.38 8.29 424.32 8,919 445.95 624 9,989.27
Total 918,088 102,138.23
Table 14. Total electricity cost: The tables bellow illustrate the cost of electricity in 2016
Total Electricity Cost 2016
Months
Volume
(KWh)
Day
Energy
Charge
($
0.0945
Per
KWH)
Basic
Charge
($0.2673
Per
Day)
Rate
Rider(5%)
Cumulative
Charge($)
GST
5%
PST
7%
Total
Charge
($)
January 87,724 31 8289.92 8.29 414.50 8,713 435.64 610 9758.22
February 79,181 28 7482.60 7.48 374.13 7,864 393.21 550 8807.93
March 79837 31 7544.60 8.29 377.23 7,930 396.51 555 8881.73
April 74,417 30 7032.41 8.02 351.62 7,392 369.60 517 8279.09
May 74,218 31 7013.60 8.29 350.68 7,373 368.63 516 8257.28
June 69,917 30 6607.16 8.02 330.36 6,946 347.28 486 7779.00
July 70,427 31 6655.35 8.29 332.77 6,996 349.82 490 7835.97
August 70,716 30 6682.66 8.02 334.13 7,025 351.24 492 7867.79
September 72,158 31 6818.93 8.29 340.95 7,168 358.41 502 8028.34
October 77,675 31 7340.29 8.29 367.01 7,716 385.78 540 8641.46
November 80,258 30 7584.38 8.02 379.22 7,972 398.58 558 8928.21
December 88,899 31 8400.96 8.29 420.05 8,829 441.46 618 9888.80
Total 925427 102953.83
15
Table 15. Total electricity cost: The tables bellow illustrate the cost of electricity in 2017
Total Electricity Cost 2017
Months
Volume
(KWh)
Day
Energy
Charge
($
0.0945
Per
KWH)
Basic
Charge
($0.2673
Per
Day)
Rate
Rider(5%)
Cumulative
Charge($)
GST
5%
PST
7%
Total
Charge
($)
January 88,281 31 8342.55 8.29 417.13 8,768 438.40 614 9820.12
February 77,351 28 7309.67 7.48 365.48 7,683 384.13 538 8604.55
March 81,876 31 7737.28 8.29 386.86 8,132 406.62 569 9108.32
April 75,694 30 7153.08 8.02 357.65 7,519 375.94 526 8421.01
May 73,605 31 6955.67 8.29 347.78 7,312 365.59 512 8189.15
June 66,766 30 6309.39 8.02 315.47 6,633 331.64 464 7428.82
July 68,225 31 6447.26 8.29 322.36 6,778 338.90 474 7591.26
August 68,373 30 6461.25 8.02 323.06 6,792 339.62 475 7607.41
September 69,867 31 6602.43 8.29 330.12 6,941 347.04 486 7773.74
October 76,063 31 7187.95 8.29 359.40 7,556 377.78 529 8462.31
November 76,719 30 7249.95 8.02 362.50 7,620 381.02 533 8534.92
December 84,997 31 8032.22 8.29 401.61 8,442 422.11 591 9455.17
Total 907817 100996.79
Table 16. Total electricity cost: The tables bellow illustrate the cost of electricity in 2018
Total Electricity Cost 2018
Months
Volume
(KWh)
Day
Energy
Charge
($
0.0945
Per
KWH)
Basic
Charge
($0.2673
Per
Day)
Rate
Rider(5%)
Cumulative
Charge($)
GST
5%
PST
7%
Total
Charge
($)
January 85,535 31 8083.06 8.29 404.15 8,495 424.77 595 9514.96
February 75,552 28 7139.66 7.48 356.98 7,504 375.21 525 8404.63
March 78,921 31 7458.03 8.29 372.90 7,839 391.96 549 8779.93
April 72,874 30 6886.59 8.02 344.33 7,239 361.95 507 8107.61
May 72,461 31 6847.56 8.29 342.38 7,198 359.91 504 8062.02
June 67,005 30 6331.97 8.02 316.60 6,657 332.83 466 7455.38
July 67,971 31 6423.26 8.29 321.16 6,753 337.64 473 7563.03
August 67,245 30 6354.65 8.02 317.73 6,680 334.02 468 7482.05
September 67,816 31 6408.61 8.29 320.43 6,737 336.87 472 7545.81
October 73,764 31 6970.70 8.29 348.53 7,328 366.38 513 8206.82
November 51,020 30 4821.39 8.02 241.07 5,070 253.52 355 5678.94
December 12,439 31 1175.49 8.29 58.77 1,243 62.13 87 1391.65
Total 792603 88192.83
16
Table 17. Total Gas cost: The following tables illustrate the gas cost in 2015
Total GAS CONSUMPTION Cost 2015
Months
Volume
(GJ)
Day
Delivery
Charge
($4.5960
per GJ)
Basic
Charge
($0.4216
per day)
Storage&transport(1.0190per
GJ) ($)
Cost of
Gas($2.844
per GJ)
Total
Charge
($)
January 231 31 1061.68 13.07 235 656.96 1967.10
February 363
28
1668.35 11.80 370 1032.37 3082.42
March 369 31 1695.92 13.07 376 1049.44 3134.44
April 295 30 1355.82 12.65 301 838.98 2508.05
May 211 31 969.76 13.07 215 600.08 1797.92
June 136 30 625.06 12.65 139 386.78 1163.07
July 109 31 500.96 13.07 111 310.00 935.10
August 127 30 583.69 12.65 129 361.19 1086.94
September 183 31 841.07 13.07 186 520.45 1561.07
October 284 31 1305.26 13.07 289 807.70 2415.43
November 380 30 1746.48 12.65 387 1080.72 3227.07
December 481 31 2210.68 13.07 490 1367.96 4081.85
Total 3169 26960.46
Table 18. Total Gas cost: The following tables illustrate the gas cost in 2016
Total GAS CONSUMPTION Cost 2016
Months
Volume
(GJ)
Day
Delivery
Charge
($4.5960
per GJ)
Basic
Charge
($0.4216
per day)
Storage&transport(1.0190per
GJ) ($)
Cost of
Gas($2.844
per GJ)
Total
Charge
($)
January 460 31 2114.16 13.07 469 1308.24 3904.21
February 376 28 1728.10 11.80 383 1069.34 3192.39
March 358 31 1645.37 13.07 365 1018.15 3041.39
April 264 30 1213.34 12.65 269 750.82 2245.82
May 203 31 932.99 13.07 207 577.33 1730.25
June 172 30 790.51 12.65 175 489.17 1467.60
July 146 31 671.02 13.07 149 415.22 1248.08
August 135 30 620.46 12.65 138 383.94 1154.61
September 193 31 887.03 13.07 197 548.89 1645.66
October 272 31 1250.11 13.07 277 773.57 2313.92
November 356 30 1636.18 12.65 363 1012.46 3024.05
December 506 31 2325.58 13.07 516 1439.06 4293.32
Total 3441 29261.30
17
Table 19. Total Gas cost: The following tables illustrate the gas cost in 2017
Total GAS CONSUMPTION Cost 2017
Months
Volume
(GJ)
Day
Delivery
Charge
($4.5960
per GJ)
Basic
Charge
($0.4216
per day)
Storage&transport(1.0190per
GJ) ($)
Cost of
Gas($2.844
per GJ)
Total
Charge
($)
January 521 31 2394.52 13.07 531 1481.72 4420.21
February 430 28 1976.28 11.80 438 1222.92 3649.17
March 420 31 1930.32 13.07 428 1194.48 3565.85
April 342 30 1571.83 12.65 348 972.65 2905.63
May 275 31 1263.90 13.07 280 782.10 2339.29
June 203 30 932.99 12.65 207 577.33 1729.83
July 164 31 753.74 13.07 167 466.42 1400.35
August 144 30 661.82 12.65 147 409.54 1230.74
September 195 31 896.22 13.07 199 554.58 1662.57
October 318 31 1461.53 13.07 324 904.39 2703.03
November 388 30 1783.25 12.65 395 1103.47 3294.74
December 461 31 2118.76 13.07 470 1311.08 3912.67
Total 3861 32814.08
Table 20. Total Gas cost: The following tables illustrate the gas cost in 2018
Total GAS CONSUMPTION Cost 2018
Months
Volume
(GJ)
Day
Delivery
Charge
($4.5960
per GJ)
Basic
Charge
($0.4216
per day)
Storage&transport(1.0190per
GJ) ($)
Cost of
Gas($2.844
per GJ)
Total
Charge
($)
January 455 31 2091.18 13.07 464 1294.02 3861.91
February 413 28 1898.15 11.80 421 1174.57 3505.37
March 431 31 1980.88 13.07 439 1225.76 3658.90
April 328 30 1507.49 12.65 334 932.83 2787.20
May 240 31 1103.04 13.07 245 682.56 2043.23
June 174 30 799.70 12.65 177 494.86 1484.51
July 140 31 643.44 13.07 143 398.16 1197.33
August 98 30 450.41 12.65 100 278.71 841.63
September 107 31 491.77 13.07 109 304.31 918.18
October 317 31 1456.93 13.07 323 901.55 2694.57
November 434 30 1994.66 12.65 442 1234.30 3683.85
December 165 31 758.34 13.07 168 469.26 1408.80
Total 3302 28085.50
18
5.0 A list of services available in the energy sector
Listed below are the energy services in Rosewood Village buildings, as well as descriptions of all
the services available and their reports for apartments, townhouses, and office buildings.
5.1. Apartments
An apartment building does not have a cooling system or ventilation system. The apartment has
independent thermostats for each device. Gas-fired condensing boilers with modulating Matrix
burners provide space heating by hydronic baseboard. Moreover, the boilers have been replaced
in 2014 (Rodzkin et al., 2017).
Make: VITADENS 200-W
Model: B2HA 80
Quantity: 4 in each apartment building
Capacity: 178,000 Btu/hr (IBR)
Efficiency: 92%
Storage Tank – Rheem ST-120 (115 US gallons) – #2 in each apartment building.
A central boiler provides hot water for apartment use, while city water pressure provides cold
water for domestic use.
The following items make up most water fixtures:
Toilets: 1.6 GPF
Lavatory faucets: 1.5 and 2.2 GPM
Showers: 2.5 GPM
Kitchen faucets: 2.2 GPM
In our inventory, washers are not included because tenants provide them.
Interior lighting
4ft T8 32W fluorescent luminaire in kitchen and bathrooms.
13W, 23W, and 26W CFL fixtures in entrance, hallways, dining, and stairs
19
Exterior lighting
13W and 26W CFL in porch, patio and exterior wall.
10% of all the fixtures are replaced to LED’s
BC housing provides a refrigerator as standard
Make: Danby, Frigidaire, GE and Westinghouse
Year: Mostly between 2004 and 2018. Few of them were from 1994
Capacity: Between 11 and 17 ft3
Electric stove range
Make: Danby, Frigidaire, Kelvinator and Westinghouse
Year: Mostly between 2004 and 2018. Few of them were from 1993 and 1997
Kitchen exhaust fan
Make: BROAN BP 10
Airflows: 180 210 cfm
Our inventory does not include washers and dryers since they are provided by the tenants.
5.2. Townhouses
A cooling system and ventilation system are not available in the townhouses. Through operable
windows and the exhaust fan in the bathroom, fresh outside air is circulated manually. Each
townhouse has a thermostat for controlling the furnace. Space heating was provided by the gas
furnace drawing air into the room and the discharge grille supplying air.
Make: KEEPRITE (some townhomes have LENNOX G8 furnace)
23
Model: GDE0775B12A1
Quantity: 1 in each townhouse
Domestic Hot Water
Townhouses are equipped with electric hot water systems that are 98% efficient.
Make: JJJ John Wood Pro Series
20
Model: JW50SDE1
Quantity: 1
Power: 3000W
The supply of cold water to domestic properties is the same as that to apartments.
The main components of water fixtures are:
Toilets: 1.6 GPF
Lavatory faucets: 1.5 and 2.2 GPM
Showers: 2.5 GPM
Kitchen faucets: 2.2 GPM
Interior lighting
4ft T8 32W fluorescent luminaire in kitchen and bathrooms.
13W, 23W, and 26W CFL fixtures in entrance, hallways, dinning, and stairs
Exterior lighting
The porch, patio, and exterior walls are illuminated with 13W CFLs and 60W incandescent
A total of 10% of all fixtures have been replaced with LEDs
Like apartment kitchens, refrigerators, electric stoves, and kitchen exhaust fans are found in
apartments.
5.3. Office Building
Natural Gas Space Heater
Rheem
Model: R96TA1001621MSA
Input rating: 199,000 btu/hr (max.)
AFUE: 95%
• Ventilation system is not needed for the office building
• Space Cooling is provided by Air source heat pump
21
The city provides cold water at city water pressure, the following information is provided by a
natural gas instantaneous water heater for home hot water.
Navien
Capacity: 4.85 GPM
Efficiency: 95%
Water fixtures primarily consist of toilets: 1.6 GPF
Lavatory faucets: 1.5 and 2.2 GPM
Showers: 2.5 GPM
Kitchen faucets: 2.2 GPM
Interior Lighting
The main office space is provided by 2 x 4ft T8 32W fluorescent lamps.
Storage, bathrooms, and kitchen space are installed with 9W and 13W LED lamps.
Exterior Parking Lighting
150W and 250W High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) lights
BC housing has a standard refrigerator, electric stove, and washing and dryer that are controlled by a
photocell. In addition, the workplace has 5 desktop PCs running.
6.0 Energy-saving Analysis
Because the building was built in 1975, a significant portion of total energy is used for space
heating due to severe thermal losses and infiltration. The townhouses’ space heat is provided by an
antiquated gas-fired furnace that must be updated.
6.1. Install Air Source Heat Pump for Apartments
ENERGY STAR is a practical approach to selecting an optimal heating system. The current gas-
fired furnace was erected in the 1990s and has a poor efficiency of 60 to 70%.
22
There are several ENERGY STAR-certified natural gas furnaces in Canada that may operate at
approximately 97 percent efficiency. The AirEase A97USMV Series with Comfort Sync
Communicating Thermostat from Energy Star is a wonderful choice since it delivers 97 percent
efficiency. (Model: A97USMV090C20S)
Energy Saving Each Year
Using the former efficiency of 65% and replacing it with the new efficiency of 97%, the estimated energy
savings are as follows.
New efficiency – old efficiency = 97 % – 65% = 32% = 0.32
Energy savings = 19,605 KW * 0.32 = 6273.6 KW this amount could be saved in a 10 years period.
Rough Estimate of Capital Cost
Capital cost of installing Air Ease A97USMV is around 13,000 CAD + 400 CAD of labor cost to install.
13000 CAD + 400 CAD = 13400 CAD
Estimate direct (GHG) Emission Reductions
GHG emissions are reduced by installing the Lennox – SLP99V Variable-Capacity Gas Furnace
Series: SLP99UH090XV60C, and this system may save 3.2 kg of CO2 per year. Saves energy
while lowering greenhouse gas emissions* by outperforming regulatory efficiency criteria.
According to Energy Star, the yearly maintenance for the AirEase A97USMV is $705 CAD, which
is less than the cost of the current model.
23
Simple Payback from Energy Savings
In 10 years, installing an Air Ease A97USMV Gas Furnace may save around $6500 CAD. Given
the initial cost of installing such a model (about $13,000 CAD), the basic payback period will be
around two years. We may also incorporate the maintenance savings and come up with an even
better payback outcome.
6.2. Upgrade Wall Cavity Insulation and Exterior Insulation
Total ECM cost: $793,000
The existing wall construction was at the Townhouses, Apartments, and Office and has an
estimated effective R-value of 8, which is lower than current norms. Because the actual
measurements of the walls and roofing are not provided, perfect assessment is impossible;
nonetheless, we attempt to provide a general estimate in this area. Instead of making an exact
estimate, we opted to compare this scenario to a recent project completed by Urban Environmental
in Vancouver, Canada. According to input from many sources such as the International Scientific
Conference “Environmental and Climate Technologies,” adding new insulation will cut energy
usage by over 40%. According to the same business, a comparable renovation in Richmond, BC
that replaced insulation and wall cavity insulation raised the R-value by 9.
Our current R-value of the envelope = 8
Considering to increase the R-value =22
• Type of energy saved: Natural gas
• Energy saving is expected to last for nearly 20 years
24
• 22,800 KW energy can be saved per year through this modification
• Capital cost for all apartments, townhouses and offices 793,000 CAD
• No maintenance cost
Simple Payback from Energy Savings:
Years to Payback = (C (i) x R (1) x R (2) x E) ÷ (C(e) x [R (2) – R(1)] x HDD x 24)
Natural Gas = 103,000 Btu per CCF
E = Efficiency of the heating system= 0.97
R (1) = 8
R (2) = 22
HDD = 2844 and 2514
Years to Payback = (0.18 x 8 x 22 x 0.97) ÷ ($0.0000087 x 14 x 2800 x 24)
90.288 ÷ 16.077 = 3.62 years to payback
Interior Lighting:
• 4ft T8 32W fluorescent luminaire in kitchen and bathrooms.
• 13W, 23W, and 26W CFL fixtures in entrance, hallways, dinning, and stairs.
For all 4ft T8 32W fluorescent luminaire in kitchen and bathrooms we replaced with T8 LED
lamps. T8 LED lamp is 40% more efficient and it has nearly 20,000 hours more lifespan.
Exterior Lighting:
• Combination of 13W CFL and 60W incandescent bulbs in porch, patio and exterior wall.
• 10% of all the fixtures are replaced to LED’s.
13 W CFL bulbs are good for illumination, but their efficiency is low, resulting in excessive energy
usage. It is economically feasible because 10% of all fixtures have already been replaced with
LEDs.
25
It makes sense to use LEDs over alternative solutions for external retrofit applications such as
porch, patio, and outside walls.
Annual Energy Saving:
Let’s imagine that there are 3,500 4ft T8 32W fluorescent luminaire and we are going to replace
them
with the new T8 LEDs. The energy savings estimation will be as follow calculation:
4ft T8 32W fluorescent
Cost per lamp= 3.74 CAD
Lifespan of T8 32W fluorescent = 30,000 hrs.
Efficiency (in terms of electricity consumption) = 40%
Total number of lamps (Assumption) = 60 (number of units) * 12 (lamps per unit) = 720
T8 LED
Cost per lamp = 14.5 CAD
Lifespan of T8 LED = 50,000 hrs.
Efficiency (in terms of electricity consumption) = 80%
Total number of lamps used (Assumption) = 60 (number of units) * 10 (lamps per unit) = 600
• T8 LED lamps produce more light, so we reduce the number of lamps by 2 lamps per each unit.
• Nearly 32 CAD annual saving is calculated for every lamp.
• Regarding the calculations, each unit can save up to 320 CAD per year.
• The entire area, including apartments and townhouses and office, will save 19,200 CAD in a year
from such retrofit.
26
Capital Cost Estimation:
T8 LED lamp cost = 14.5 CAD.
Considering the total number of fixtures in the area =600 fixtures
The capital cost is:
14.5 CAD * 600 fixtures = 8,700 CAD
Annual Operation & Maintenance Expenditures:
The lifespan of T8 LED is 20,000 hrs more than fluorescent.
As mentioned before the lifespan of T8 LED lamps is 50,000 hrs
50000 ℎ
365
∗24ℎ /
= 5.6 years (LED lamps)
30000 ℎ
365
∗24ℎ /
=3.3 years (fluorescent lamp)
Pay back from energy saving:
The installation of T8 LED lamps can save approximately 19,200 Canadian dollars annually.
Simple payback of 2.2 years would be achieved with such an investment, which costs 8,700 CAD.
7.0 CUSUM analysis:
To run a CUSUM analysis, two data sets are required, one for energy consumption and one for
HDD. Since Rosewood Village’s heating uses natural gas, it is necessary to know how much gas
is used every month. The building information does not provide heating degree days. For the
determination of these values, Building Number One’s data is used. They are both located in
Vancouver. From the following figure, we can extract the HDD values.
27
Fig 10. HDD (Lighting, 2015)
Due to the lack of data from June to December 2018, the CUSUM analysis was based on
assumptions. As a baseline, 2017 data is used. Below are the results of the Excel analysis.
28
Table 21. CUSUM analysis
year Month HDD Natural Gas consumption(gj) predicted Gas cunsumption (gj) Difference= actual -predicted CUSUM
2017 jan 428 531 SUMMARY OUTPUT
2017 feb 457.4 413
2017 mar 397.3 388 Regression Statistics
2017 apr 279.4 328 Multiple R 0.955349775
2017 may 73.75 254 R Square 0.912693192
2017 jun 66.3 177 Adjusted R Square 0.821784102
2017 jul 4.24 146 Standard Error 93.9864962
2017 aug 0.12 112.5 Observations 12
2017 sep 71.86 261
2017 oct 261.84 367.5 ANOVA
2017 nov 371.34 472 df SS MS F Significance F
2017 dec 513 513 Regression 1 1015781.519 1015781.519 114.9924662 8.35002E-07
2018 jan 450 484 Residual 11 97168.07615 8833.461468
2018 feb 430 488.5 Total 12 1112949.595
2018 mar 360 393.5
2018 apr 220 272.5 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 0.7% Upper 0.7%
2018 may 110 230 Intercept 0 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A
2018 jun 30 156.5 Natural Gas consumption(gj) 0.814911479 0.075993376 10.72345402 3.66304E-07 0.647651185 0.982171773 0.814229459 0.815593499
2018 jul 10 148.5
2018 aug 20 123
2018 sep 65 180
2018 oct 180 359 RESIDUAL OUTPUT PROBABILITY OUTPUT
2018 nov 352 459
2018 dec 490 503 Observation Predicted HDD Residuals Standard Residuals Percentile HDD
1 432.7179952 -4.717995248 -0.05243078 4.166666667 0.12
2 336.5584407 120.8415593 1.342904538 12.5 4.24
3 316.1856538 81.11434622 0.901418554 20.83333333 66.3
4 267.290965 12.10903495 0.134566933 29.16666667 71.86
5 206.9875156 -133.2375156 -1.48066001 37.5 73.75
6 144.2393317 -77.93933175 -0.866134821 45.83333333 261.84
7 118.9770759 -114.7370759 -1.275065804 54.16666667 279.4
8 91.67754137 -91.55754137 -1.017473116 62.5 371.34
9 212.691896 -140.831896 -1.565055875 70.83333333 397.3
10 299.4799685 -37.63996846 -0.418290568 79.16666667 428
11 384.638218 -13.298218 -0.147782248 87.5 457.4
12 418.0495886 94.95041137 1.055177864 95.83333333 513
13 390.0257848 59.97421518 0.727528019 52.08333333 261.84
14 393.6520576 36.34794239 0.440925262 56.25 279.4
15 317.0974098 42.90259024 0.520437598 60.41666667 352
16 219.5909636 0.40903644 0.00496189 64.58333333 360
17 185.3428316 -75.34283163 -0.913959789 68.75 371.34
18 126.1137093 -96.11370935 -1.165924662 72.91666667 397.3
19 119.6670022 -109.6670022 -1.330335321 77.08333333 428
20 99.118123 -79.118123 -0.959756641 81.25 430
21 145.0509117 -80.05091171 -0.971072002 85.41666667 450
22 289.295985 -109.295985 -1.325834631 89.58333333 457.4
23 369.8798249 -17.87982486 -0.216894436 93.75 490
24 405.3367144 84.66328561 1.027023234 97.91666667 513
29
Fig 11. HDD
Fig 12. Natural Gas consumption(gj) Residual Plot
Fig 13. Natural Gas consumption(gj) Line Fit Plot
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-200
-100
0
100
200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600R
e
si
d
u
al
s
Natural Gas consumption(gj)
Natural Gas consumption(gj) Residual Plot
0
200
400
600
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
H
D
D
Natural Gas consumption(gj)
Natural Gas consumption(gj) Line Fit Plot
HDD
Predicted HDD
30
Fig 14. Natural Gas consumption(gj) Line Fit Plot
Table 22. CUSUM analysis
year Month HDD Natural Gas
consumption (G
j)
predicted
Gas
consumption
(G j)
Difference=
actual –
predicted
CUSUM
2017 Jan 428 531 459.4864 71.5136 71.5136
2017 Feb 457.4 413 480.10462 -67.10462 4.40898
2017 Mar 397.3 388 437.95649 -49.95649 -45.5475
2017 Apr 279.4 328 355.27322 -27.27322 -72.8207
2017 May 73.75 254 211.050875 42.949125 -29.8716
2017 Jun 66.3 177 205.82619 -28.82619 -58.6978
2017 Jul 4.24 146 162.303512 -16.303512 -75.0013
2017 Aug 0.12 112.5 159.414156 -46.914156 -121.915
2017 Sep 71.86 261 209.725418 51.274582 -70.6409
2017 Oct 261.84 367.5 342.958392 24.541608 -46.0993
2017 Nov 371.34 472 419.750742 52.249258 6.149985
2017 Dec 513 513 519.0969 -6.0969 0.053085
2018 Jan 450 484 474.915 9.085 9.138085
2018 Feb 430 488.5 460.889 27.611 36.74908
2018 Mar 360 393.5 411.798 -18.298 18.45108
2018 Apr 220 272.5 313.616 -41.116 -22.6649
2018 May 110 230 236.473 -6.473 -29.1379
2018 Jun 30 156.5 180.369 -23.869 -53.0069
2018 Jul 10 148.5 166.343 -17.843 -70.8499
2018 Aug 20 123 173.356 -50.356 -121.206
2018 Sep 65 180 204.9145 -24.9145 -146.12
2018 Oct 180 359 285.564 73.436 -72.6844
2018 Nov 352 459 406.1876 52.8124 -19.872
2018 Dec 490 503 502.967 0.033 -19.839
0
200
400
600
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
H
D
D
Natural Gas consumption(gj)
Natural Gas consumption(gj) Line Fit Plot
HDD
Predicted HDD
31
y = 0.7013x + 159.33
R² = 0.8913
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
G
J G
AS
Co
ns
um
pt
io
n
HDD
Natural Gas consumption(gj)
Fig 15. Natural Gas consumption(gj)
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
CUSUM
Fig 16. Cumulative sum related to the 2017 and 2018
32
8.0 Conclusion:
As a result of this energy performance model, the difference between the actual and predicted
consumption is calculated. There is a significant difference between the measured and expected
levels of consumption. As a result, the distribution of differences around zero became less
symmetrical over time, and CUSUM decreased. The graph shows that the consumption of natural
gas has increased over time.
Due to the absence of the HDD effect in this analysis, we believe that buildings’ energy services
are defective. There is a need for energy retrofitting and service replacement to decrease
consumption and bring the CUSUM down to zero.
33
References
Latvia, R. (2017), Energy Procedia, International Scientific Conference “Environmental and Climate
Technologies” , University of Galati.
Moorefield, L., Frazer, B., & Bendt, P. (2008). Office plug load field monitoring report. Ecos Consulting.
Lighting, P. (2015). Should you replace your T8 fluorescent lamps with T8 LED tubes. Blog energy saving
LED, New lighting products.https://www.premierltg.com/should-you-replace-your-t8-fluorescent-lamps-
with-t8-led-tubes-2/
Product Finder – ENERGY STAR Certified Furnaces. (2020). Retrieved July 15, 2020, from
https://www.energystar.gov/productfinder/product/certifiedfurnaces/details/2357822
Rodzkin, A., Kundas, S., & Wichtmann, W. (2017). Energy Procedia” International Scientific Conference”
Environmental and Climate Technologies”. CONECT, (2017), 261.
Star, E. (n.d.). EnergyStar Products. Retrieved July 13, 2020, from
https://www.lennox.com/products/heating-cooling/furnaces/slp99v
Sustainable Facilities Tool General Services Administration. (2020). Retrieved July 17, 2020, from
https://sftool.gov/learn/about/426/plug-loads
What is the light output of T8 fluorescent lamps?: T8 Fluorescent Lamps: Lighting Answers: NLPIP.
(2020). Retrieved July 17, 2020, from https://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/NLPIP/lightingAnswers/t8/02-
t8-lightoutput.asp
Wilkins, C. K., & Hosni, M. H. (2011). Plug load design factors. Ashrae Journal, 53(5), 30.
KINSMEN RAVINE ESTATES
NEWTON KINSMEN HOUSING SOCIETY
11030, RAVINE ROAD, SURREY, BC, V3T 5S2
BC HOUSING
ENERGY STUDY REPORT
SEPTEMBER 2018
Background Description of Facility, Hardware
and Systems
5 BACKGROUND DESCRIPTION OF FACILITY, HARDWARE AND SYSTEMS
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 Facility Description
Figure 1: Kinsmen Ravine aerial view
Facility Kinsmen Ravine Estates is a multi-unit residential building with
underground parkade and children daycare facility. This energy study
focuses on daycare building and underground parkade.
Description: Kinsmen Ravine facility has one (1) daycare building, sixteen (16) 2-
bedroom units, eight (8) 3-bedroom units, four (4) 4-bedroom units,
and two (2) 3-bedroom handicap units. The underground parking is
located in the south-west corner of the facility.
Facility Age: Kinsmen Ravine Estates was built in 1993.
Facility Size: The daycare building and underground parking have a total area of
approximately 15,287 ft².
Type of Use: The daycare facility operates 7 am to 6 pm from Monday to Friday year-
round.
Structure: Concrete and wooden framed structure.
Background Description of Facility, Hardware
and Systems
Heating and
Ventilation
System:
Heating and Ventilation – Space heating and ventilation is provided by
one (1) forced air furnace unit located in the storage area of the
building. The unit has capacity of 100,000 Btu/hr.
Physical
Condition:
In general, mechanical equipment are at the end of their economical
life.
Envelope: The building envelope of Kinsmen Ravine Estate is in average condition.
Occupancy: The projected occupancy of the building is the same as the present
occupancy as no changes are planned.
5.1.2 Facility Utility Accounts and Rates
In this building, tenants pay for their own electricity and natural gas use. The society pays
for the utilities for daycare building and underground parking.
The utility rates used to calculate energy savings throughout this report are as follows:
5.1.2.1 Electricity
Consumption charge: $0.1173/kWh (BC Hydro – Small General Service Rate)
5.1.2.2 Gas
Consumption charge: $5.822/GJ (FortisBC – Natural Gas Rate 2)
Background Description of Facility, Hardware
and Systems
5.2 Mechanical Systems
5.2.1 Heating and Ventilation System –Daycare Building
Space heating and ventilation to the daycare building is provided by one (1) “Rheem” gas
fired forced air furnace unit located in the storage room. The conditioned air is supplied to
corridors and rooms through a discharge grille located throughout the building. The unit is
original to the building (1993). The unit has maximum input capacity of 100,000 BTU/hr.
The supply air temperature is controlled by a thermostat located in the daycare area of
the building.
Figure 2: Forced Air Furnace Unit
Figure 3: Supply Air Temperature Controller
The storage room houses a forced air furnace and DHW storage heater as shown in Figure
4. During site audit, it was found that the same room is used to store different items along
with the heating equipment.
Forced Air
Furnace Unit
Background Description of Facility, Hardware
and Systems
Figure 4: Storage Room
The sprinkler room in underground parking is served by one (1) electric baseboard heater
as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5: Electric baseboard heater
5.2.1 Exhaust Systems
Air is exhausted from the two (2) washrooms by two (2) dedicated ceiling mounted
exhaust fans. The air is exhausted directly to the atmosphere through discharge cowls on
the roof. These exhaust fans are controlled manually by a switch.
Figure 6: Exhaust Fan in Washroom
Background Description of Facility, Hardware
and Systems
5.2.2 Domestic Hot Water Systems
Domestic Hot Water (DHW) to the building’s plumbing fixtures is provided by one (1)
“RHEEM RUUD” domestic hot water heater (model# RF82-156C) located in the storage
room. The unit has input capacity of 156,000 BTU/hr and storage capacity of 82 gal. The
unit was installed in 1993 and is deemed to be at the end of its rated economical life as
determined by ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers).
Figure 7: Domestic Hot Water Storage Heater
5.2.3 Laundry Facility
The daycare building has one (1) laundry room. There is one (1) coin-operated front-
loading “MAYTAG” electric washing machine, and one (1) “MAYTAG” front-loading electric
dryer.
Figure 8: Dryers (left) and washing machines
The following table provides a summary of the Heating and Ventilation Systems.
Background Description of Facility, Hardware
and Systems
Table 3: Overview Heating and Ventilation Systems and Areas Served
Name Area Served Description
Forced air furnace Whole Building RHEEM RGLE-10EQAGB
Domestic hot water
storage heater
Whole Building RHEEM RUUD RF82-156C
5.2.1 Typical Residential Suite System Description
Space heating and ventilation to each residential suite is provided by an in-suite forced air
furnace as shown in Figure 9. These forced air furnaces are manually controlled using
adjustable thermostats. Domestic hot water (DHW) is provided by dedicated DHW storage
tank water heater as shown in Figure 10. Each apartment has its own dedicated exhaust
serving the kitchen. The fractional HP fan motors are controlled by manual switch and
operate based on occupant usage. Each apartment is equipped with a refrigerator.
Figure 9: Typical Forced Air Furnace Unit – Residential Suites
Figure 10: Typical DHW Storage Heater – Residential Suites
Background Description of Facility, Hardware
and Systems
5.3 Heating and Ventilation Control System and Strategy
5.3.1 Control System
The facility does not have a central DDC controls system. The heating and ventilation units
are controlled via standalone thermostats. The forced air furnaces in the residential suites
are controlled by an adjustable thermostat as shown in Figure 11. The exhaust fans in
washrooms and kitchen are manually controlled by switches.
Figure 11: Thermostat for Forced Air Furnace
5.3.2 Maintenance and Operating Issues
The forced air furnaces and DHW storage heaters in the facility are at the end-of-
economic life and are requiring an increasing amount of repair.
The building envelope is deemed to be in average condition. Some envelope deficiencies
were observed including high rates of outdoor air infiltration through poorly sealed
entrances and exits. Doors and windows that are poorly sealed require additional heating
to maintain the building at desired temperature. Envelope upgrades could improve the
building’s overall R-Value.
Figure 12: Entrance to Outside Play Area – Daycare Building
Poor Door Seal
Background Description of Facility, Hardware
and Systems
5.3.3 Heating and Ventilation Equipment Tables
A complete inventory of heating equipment is provided in Appendix A.
5.3.4 Asset Management
Kinsmen Ravine Estates was built in 1993. It is typical with existing building that retrofits,
and upgrades take place throughout its lifespan and as such the record documentation
should be updated to ensure that efficient operation and maintenance can occur. It has
been well documented and proven on numerous facilities throughout Canada that
substantial energy and maintenance savings occur on facilities that actively participate in
an ongoing active asset management plan with paybacks ranging from 2-6 years.
It is highly recommended that a new active asset management strategy is implemented in
conjunction with the existing facilities team. A budget cost for an active asset
management strategy, including equipment asset renumbering/verification and new all-
inclusive operation and maintenance manuals is approximately $3,000.
Background Description of Facility, Hardware
and Systems
5.4 Electrical & Lighting Systems
5.4.1 Description of Electrical Systems
Electrical power to the facility is distributed at 120/208V and is used for the facility’s
internal and external lighting, plug loads and mechanical equipment.
5.4.2 Lighting Description
The lighting in the daycare building at Kinsmen Ravine Estates is a mixture of T12 linear
fluorescent fixtures, screw-in incandescent lamps, LED exit signs and LED luminaires in
corridor as shown in Figure 14.
Figure 13: Code Compliant Exit Sign
For a detailed inventory of luminaires in the facility, refer to Table 55 in Appendix A.
Figure 14: Lighting in Daycare Building
Background Description of Facility, Hardware
and Systems
Figure 16: External Lighting
Figure 17: Underground Parking – LED luminaire (left) and linear fluorescent (right)
Background Description of Facility, Hardware
and Systems
5.4.3 Maintenance Issues
The site audit did not reveal any outstanding maintenance issues with the electrical
systems.
5.4.4 Non-mechanical Loads
The primary non-mechanical loads are related to the lighting, communication equipment
and plug loads.
• Total installed lighting power capacity: 5.0 kW
• Estimated annual lighting electricity consumption: 18,948 kWh
5.4.5 Lighting Levels
The lighting levels throughout the facility were within the recommended range in most
areas. In daycare classroom, lighting levels were lower than recommended levels as shown
in below table.
Figure 18: Lighting Levels in Facility
Measured light levels with available guidelines are summarized in the table below.
Table 4: Kinsmen Ravine Estates Illumination Levels1
Areas
Reference Lux Levels
Guidelines
Average Lux Levels Measured
During Site Audit
Corridor 50 – 100 190 – 215
Daycare Classroom 300 – 500 230 – 250
Laundry 150 – 300 160
Storage Room 50 – 300 45 – 90
1 Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) 10th Edition
Background Description of Facility, Hardware
and Systems
5.4.6 Lighting Control System and Strategy
The facility has no automated lighting control system. General lighting circuits are
controlled manually via wall switches. Exterior lighting is controlled via timer.
5.4.7 Plug Loads and Auxiliary Equipment
Plug loads include computers, copiers and scanners in the office, in-suite plug loads, and
laundry equipment.
Energy Accounting System
6 ENERGY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
6.1 Description of Energy Accounting Methodology
Assessing energy use and evaluating efficiency is undertaken by benchmarking the facility’s annual
energy intensity (equivalent-kWh/m2/yr). This measure of building energy use must then be
referenced against buildings of similar vintage, climatic region, use, and type.
In order to best prioritize and discuss energy conservation opportunities at the facility, an
estimated end-use breakdown has been developed. This breakdown represents the probable
energy consumption by end-use based upon historical annual utility records, detailed data on
equipment and systems installed, and an understanding of facility operation strategies.
6.2 Historic Utility Records and Energy Intensity
The utility records and annual consumption profile for daycare building and underground parking
are summarized in the following table from June 2016 to May 2018. The utility records indicate a
relatively consistent consumption of energy over the last two (2) years.
The Newton Kinsmen Society pays for all utilities in daycare building and underground parkade.
The daycare building is served by three (3) BC Hydro electricity meters and one (1) FortisBC
natural gas meter.
Tenants pay for their own electricity and natural gas consumption. This study focuses on daycare
building and underground parking only.
Table 5: Summary of Historic Utility Records and Energy Intensity – Daycare Building
Year
Electricity Gas
Total Energy
Intensity
Peak
Month
Demand
Consumption Annual
Utility
Cost
Consumption
Annual
Utility Cost
[kW] [kWh] [kWh/m2/yr] [GJ] [e-kWh/m2/yr]
[e-kWh/
m2/yr]
June
2016 to
May
2017
Not
Available
25,049 17.6
Not
Available
48.4 9.5
Not
Available
27.1
June
2017 to
May
2018
Not
Available
25,341 17.8
Not
Available
44.4 8.7
Not
Available
26.5
Energy Accounting System
Figure 19: June’16 to May’17 Annual Utility (Electrical and Gas Consumption) Profile
Figure 20: June’17 to May’18 Annual Utility (Electrical and Gas Consumption) Profile
Energy Accounting System
Figure 21: June’16 to May’17 Annual Electrical Consumption Profile
Figure 22: June’17 to May’18 Annual Electrical Consumption Profile
Energy Accounting System
Figure 23: June’16 to May’18 Annual Electrical Consumption Profile
The base natural gas load in the summer reflects domestic hot water use.
Figure 24: June’16 to May’17 Annual Natural Gas Consumption Profile
Energy Accounting System
Figure 25: June’17 to May’18 Annual Natural Gas Consumption Profile
Figure 26: June’16 to May’18 Annual Natural Gas Consumption Profile
Energy Accounting System
6.2.1 Heating Degree Day (HDD) Comparison
The annual gas consumption has been compared to heating degree days (a measure of
how cold the weather is) and this profile below shows that usage relates well to heating
degree days (HDD).
Figure 27: June’16 to May’17 Annual Natural Gas Consumption Profile Compared to HDD
Figure 28: June’17 to May’18 Annual Natural Gas Consumption Profile Compared to HDD
Appendix A: Inventory of Heating and
Ventilation & Electrical Systems
10 APPENDIX A: INVENTORY OF HEATING AND VENTILATION & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
10.1 Heating Systems
Table 54: Inventory of Heating and Cooling Equipment.
#
Designation
Location
Area of
Service
Manufacturer Model # Serial #
Forced Air
Furnace
Unit
Storage Room –
Daycare
Building
Whole
Building
Rheem
RGLE-10EQAGB AG5D302
DHW
storage
heater
Storage Room –
Daycare
Building
Whole
Building
Rheem Ruud RF82-156C
RCN
1292D08447
10.2 Lighting Systems
Table 55: Inventory of Lighting
Room name Luminaire type Qty
Office T12-40W-2L-4ft-Mag 2
Corridor Standard LED-15W-Ceiling Dish 4
Laundry T12-40W-2L-4ft-Mag 2
Washroom Incand-A19-40W-4L 2
Daycare classroom T12-40W-2L-4ft-Mag 10
Daycare storage room Incand-A19-40W 2
Underground parking T8-32W-1L-4ft-Elec 15
Underground storage – 1 T12-40W-2L-4ft-Mag 2
Underground storage – 2 T12-40W-1L-4ft-Mag 4
External Standard LED-15W-Ceiling Dish 7
External LED-52W-Wallpack 2
External LED-80W-Wallpack 6
External LED-26W-Wallpack 6
Underground parking LED-26W-Garage light 9
Underground parking LED-26W-Wallpack 19
Exit signs Exit-LED fixtures 5
Pole lights Pole-100W-MH 2
Flood lights PAR38-90W 10
ECM 01: Replace Existing Forced Air Furnace Unit with High Efficiency Air Source Heat
Pump Unit
The existing “Rheem” gas fired forced air furnace provides heated air to the building. The unit is
original to the building (circa 1993) and it is at the end of its rated economical lifespan and failures
due to age will increase in the future. Greenhouse gas emissions reductions (tonnes e-CO2/yr)
and energy savings would be observed if the existing unit is replaced with an air source heat
pump.
Total ECM 01 cost: $9,000
ECM 02: Replace Existing Forced Air Furnace with High Efficiency Condensing Air Furnace
Unit
The existing “Rheem” gas fired forced air furnace provides heated air to the building. The unit is
original to the building (circa 1993) and it is at the end of its rated economical lifespan and failures
due to age will increase in the future.
Total ECM 02 cost: $900
Consumption Consumption
kWh GJ ekWh ekWh
January 2,566 3.40 941 3,507
February 2,266 5.34 1,479 3,745
March 2,403 5.43 1,503 3,906
April 2,214 4.34 1,202 3,415
May 2,125 3.10 860 2,985
June 1,928 2.00 554 2,482
July 1,903 1.60 444 2,347
August 1,867 1.87 517 2,384
September 1,938 2.69 745 2,684
October 2,131 4.18 1,157 3,288
November 2,257 5.59 1,548 3,805
December 2,558 7.07 1,959 4,518
Overall: 26,156 46.60 12,909 39,065
January 2,368 6.54 1,813 4,180
February 2,137 5.35 1,482 3,619
March 2,155 5.09 1,411 3,565
April 2,009 3.76 1,040 3,049
May 2,003 2.89 800 2,803
June 1,887 2.45 678 2,565
July 1,901 2.08 575 2,476
August 1,909 1.92 532 2,441
September 1,948 2.75 760 2,708
October 2,096 3.87 1,072 3,168
November 2,166 5.06 1,403 3,569
December 2,399 7.20 1,994 4,393
Overall: 24,978 48.95 13,558 38,536
January 2,119 5.49 1,522 3,641
February 2,209 5.39 1,492 3,701
March 1,970 4.99 1,384 3,354
April 1,955 4.64 1,284 3,240
May 2,045 3.61 999 3,043
June 2,030 2.68 743 2,773
July 2,090 2.24 622 2,711
August 2,343 2.31 640 2,983
September 2,060 2.52 697 2,757
October 2,075 3.67 1,018 3,092
November 2,328 5.18 1,435 3,763
December 2,463 5.75 1,593 4,056
Overall: 25,687 48.48 13,428 39,115
January 2,437 5.99 1,658 4,095
February 2,152 5.43 1,505 3,658
March 2,248 5.67 1,571 3,819
April 2,076 4.32 1,195 3,272
May 2,064 3.16 875 2,939
June 1,909 2.29 634 2,543
July 1,936 1.84 510 2,447
August 1,916 1.29 357 2,273
September 1,932 1.41 390 2,322
October 2,102 4.17 1,155 3,257
November 2,108 5.71 1,582 3,690
December 2,523 5.79 1,604 4,127
Overall: 25,404 47.07 13,037 38,441
2015
2016
2017
2018
Fuel Total
Month
Electrical Energy Total
ConsumptionYear
